The goal of the peer-reviewed, open access Bioenergetics journal is to publish the most thorough and trustworthy source of information on new findings and advancements in all fields of study through the publication of original articles, review articles, case studies, short communications, etc. and to make this information freely accessible online to researchers all over the world without any restrictions or additional subscriptions.

This chapter describes about environmental microbiology and important environmental microorganisms, the various environmental properties in which they may exist, the methods used to monitor microorganisms and their activity, and the effects of microorganisms on human activity. It establishes the potential impact. This book addresses new challenges in modern environmental microbiology, where pathogens and bioremediation remain central concepts. In both cases, however, the use of molecular genetics and biotechnology tools has greatly expanded our discipline. The study of the composition and physiology of microbial communities in the environment is known as environmental microbiology. The environment in this context refers to the soil, water, air, and sediments that cover the earth, as well as the flora and fauna that live in these areas. Microorganisms found in artificial environments such as bioreactors are also studied in environmental microbiology. The study of microorganisms in the environment has been transformed by molecular biology, which has improved understanding of microbial community composition, phylogeny, and physiology. The current Molecular Toolbox includes a number of DNA-based technologies as well as novel techniques for studying RNA and proteins extracted from environmental samples. Microorganisms have an incredibly diverse life, and they literally cover the entire planet. It is estimated that less than 1% of the world's microbial species are known. Microorganisms can survive in some of the most extreme environments on the planet, including geysers, black smokers, and wells, which can reach temperatures of over 100°C. Some live in extremely cold environments, while others live in high salinity, acidic or alkaline waters. A gram of soil contains approximately 1 billion (1,000,000,000) microorganisms, representing thousands of species. They form the foundation of the opaque zone ecosystem. Chemotrophic bacteria thrive in these environments, supplying energy and carbon to other organisms. Some microbes are decomposers that can recycle nutrients. All life on Earth is based on microorganisms. They differ in appearance, biochemical transformation ability, ability to grow in different environments, and interaction with other organisms. Because of the diversity of organisms on Earth, a systematic approach to classifying these organisms is required. Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms, and taxa are the groups that comprise the taxonomic hierarchy. The actual nomenclature of an organism is referred to as nomenclature. The nomenclature binomial nomenclature is used for microorganisms. Escherichia coli belongs to the genus Escherichia. It is named after the first insulator and descriptor, Theodor Escherich. The species was named after the location where it was discovered, the human intestine.